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The deal would require banks to devote roughly $17 billion of the total settlement to various types of loan modifications for homeowners. Rather than paying that amount in cash, lenders would receive a series of credit toward that amount based on a complex formula that would assign different levels of credit to different types of modifications. Decisions about which loans to modify would be left to bankers.

The program would apply largely to the relatively small universe of home loans owned outright by the five lenders, including Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase, Wells Fargo, Citibank and Ally Financial (formerly GMAC). Loans held by government-controlled Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac — some 60 percent of the 31 million U.S. home loans outstanding — would not be covered in the deal.

Another $5 billion would be set aside to help support state foreclosure relief programs. A portion of those funds would be used to pay homeowners who can demonstrate they were victims of abusive or fraudulent foreclosure practices. Those awards would average about $1,800. The system for arbitrating those claims and distributing those checks has yet to be worked out, according to the source close to the talks, who asked not to be named because he was not authorized to discuss the proposal publicly.

Another $3 billion would be applied to a program to refinance mortgages at lower rates.